In May 1980, South Korea was engulfed in widespread student protests demanding democratic reforms and an end to the military dictatorship that had been established after the assassination of President Park Chung-hee. General Chun Doo-hwan, who had risen to power within the military, perceived these demonstrations as a threat to national security. On the 17th, he declared martial law, effectively dissolving the National Assembly, closing universities, and prohibiting political activities across the country. The military enforced strict censorship of the press and mobilized troops in major cities to suppress dissent. Chun justified these measures as necessary to restore stability and order during a time of crisis.The declaration of martial law led to violent clashes between the military and protesters. Notably, the most significant and tragic uprising occurred in Gwangju, where citizens rose against the government’s oppression. This uprising revealed the deep-seated frustrations of the Korean people against military rule and resulted in a brutal crackdown that left hundreds dead or injured. In the aftermath, Chun's regime faced both domestic and international backlash, yet he managed to maintain a grip on power for several years, consolidating his authority further through suppression and manipulation of political opposition. The events of May 1980 would shape the future of South Korea, leading to a prolonged struggle for democratization in the 1980s and beyond.