In 1652, Rhode Island passed a groundbreaking law aimed at abolishing slavery within its borders. This law represented an early attempt to dismantle the institution of slavery in colonial America. Although the law allowed for the gradual emancipation of enslaved individuals, it also permitted slave owners to retain their slaves until those individuals reached the age of 21. This provision meant that while a step towards liberation was taken, the practical effects on the lives of enslaved people were limited and often disregarded. The lax enforcement of the law reflected the deep-rooted societal attitudes towards slavery prevalent at the time, undermining the intent of the legislation.

The abolition law was enacted amidst changing economic and social contexts in Rhode Island. The colony was heavily involved in maritime trade and influenced by emerging humanitarian ideas. However, as the law was not vigorously enforced, many enslaved people continued to live under the oppressive conditions of slavery. Rhode Island's economy still relied on slavery to a significant extent, complicating the complete eradication of the institution.

Moreover, despite the law's limitations, it laid the groundwork for future advocacy against slavery within the colony and ultimately in New England. Activist voices began to emerge that questioned the moral implications of slavery, leading to deeper conversations about human rights and freedom. In the years following this law's passage, Rhode Island would see gradual shifts in perceptions about slavery and its implications on society.