In the early 1930s, Bulgaria was facing significant political turmoil characterized by a series of unstable governments and social unrest. The Zveno organization, which was composed primarily of nationalist military officers and intellectuals, believed that the continuous cycle of ineffective governance was harming the nation. They sought to restore national pride and implement reforms aimed at modernizing Bulgaria's political landscape. On May 19, 1934, under the leadership of Zveno, the military executed a well-coordinated coup d'état in Bulgaria’s capital, Sofia.

The coup was meticulously planned and facilitated by discontent within the ranks of the Bulgarian Armed Forces. Kimon Georgiev, a former military officer and politician, was chosen as the frontman for the new government, largely because of his perceived ability to unify various factions under his leadership. He was seen as a figure who could negotiate between the divergent interests of the armed forces, civilian politicians, and the general populace. The goals of the coup included not only the installation of Georgiev but also a commitment to addressing economic issues and political corruption.

Despite initial success in consolidating power, the Zveno regime faced numerous challenges, including resistance from former government officials and political factions. Though the coup was supported by segments of the military, it lacked broad public support, which eventually contributed to its vulnerability. Tensions with labor movements and opposition parties continued to simmer, undermining the stability of Georgiev's government and leading to further political maneuvering in the following years.