Pope Gregory II was elected as the Supreme Pontiff during a pivotal time for the Roman Catholic Church. He succeeded Pope Constantine and became the 89th pope. The early 8th century was marked by a series of political and religious challenges, including increasing conflicts between the Byzantine Empire and the emerging powers in Europe. Gregory II is recognized for his strong leadership and efforts to reinforce the authority of the papacy amidst these turbulent times. His papacy is noted for confronting the rise of iconoclasm within the Byzantine Empire, a movement that opposed the veneration of icons and religious images, creating significant theological and political divisions.

Gregory II's election was more than a mere transition in leadership; it represented a commitment to the principles of the faith and a determination to ensure that the Catholic Church maintained its influence over the rapidly changing sociopolitical landscape. He worked tirelessly to strengthen relations with key figures in the Frankish territories, notably Pepin of Herstal. His papacy would influence the Church's relationship with secular powers, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Papal States and a more defined role of the papacy in European politics.

Additionally, Gregory II was known for his missionary activities, sending representatives to convert the Germanic tribes. His efforts helped to expand the church's reach and address the spiritual needs of new congregations. The period was critical for shaping the future of the church, as Gregory II laid the groundwork for successors who would continue to engage with secular rulers and foster the Church’s influence across Europe.