The Russo-Circassian War, which spanned from 1763 to 1864, was primarily a conflict between the Russian Empire and the Circassian tribes of the North Caucasus. Throughout this prolonged struggle, the Russian Empire sought to expand its territory and assert control over the Circassian lands. The war was characterized by fierce battles, guerilla warfare, and significant resistance from the Circassian population. As it drew to a close in the mid-19th century, the Russians emerged victorious, leading to profound consequences for the Circassians.

As a result of the war's conclusion, a large number of Circassians were forcibly displaced from their ancestral lands. The Russian government considered the Circassian population a threat to its consolidation of control and pursued a policy of exile, contributing to a human tragedy with far-reaching implications. Thousands of Circassians were exiled to the Ottoman Empire, leading to a significant diaspora and the fragmentation of their ethnic identity.

In recognition of the immense suffering endured by the Circassians due to this exile, the Circassians established a day of mourning. This day serves not only to commemorate those lost during the conflict but also to keep alive the memory of the Circassian culture and heritage that was severely jeopardized during and after the war. The observance of Circassian Day of Mourning became an essential aspect of maintaining Circassian identity, reaffirming their connection to their homeland and cultural roots, even in the face of adversity.