The Treaty of London, signed in April 1915, represented a pivotal moment in Italy's involvement in World War I. The treaty promised Italy territorial gains, including parts of Austria-Hungary and former Ottoman territories, in exchange for entering the war on the side of the Allies, which included Britain, France, and Russia. Motivated by nationalist aspirations and the desire to expand its territory, the Italian government, led by Prime Minister Antonio Salandra and Foreign Minister Sidney Sonnino, wrestled with internal dissent and opposition to joining the conflict. However, they ultimately concluded that aligning with the Allies would be more favorable than remaining neutral or siding with the Central Powers.On May 23, 1915, Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary. Italian forces mobilized quickly to launch offensives along the Italian front, aiming to capture disputed territories. Initially, the campaign saw a mix of successes and setbacks, significantly marked by the Isonzo battles between 1915 and 1917. The mountainous terrain of the Alps complicated military operations, leading to heavy casualties and a costly war of attrition for both sides. Although Italy faced difficulties, including supply shortages and tactical challenges, the commitment to the Allies prompted significant transformations in its military strategy and reflected the complex web of alliances that characterized World War I.