The Seventeen Point Agreement was signed on May 23, 1951, in Lhasa, marking a pivotal moment in Tibetan-Chinese relations. The agreement was negotiated between the representatives of the People's Liberation Army of China and Tibetan officials. Chinese military presence had increased significantly in Tibet, and the signing of the agreement was framed as an act of liberation, with the promise of autonomy and preservation of Tibetan culture and religion. The agreement consisted of seventeen points addressing the political status of Tibet, the recognition of Chinese sovereignty, and the rights of the Tibetan people.

The Chinese government, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, sought to solidify its control over Tibet, integrating it into the expanding borders of the People's Republic of China. The Tibetan delegates, facing military pressure, expressed their concerns regarding Chinese governance but ultimately signed the agreement, believing they could safeguard their traditions and way of life. The signing ceremony was attended by various officials and military personnel, symbolizing unity between the two sides despite underlying tensions.

However, the execution of the agreement proved problematic. Many Tibetans felt the promises made were not honored, leading to widespread dissatisfaction and eventual uprising in the 1950s and 1960s. Over the following decades, Tibet experienced severe restrictions on its cultural and religious practices, fueling resentment against the Chinese government that persists today. The document itself is a subject of debate, with some considering it a legitimate treaty, while others regard it as imposed under duress.