The French Royal Army, led by King Louis XIV, crossed into the Spanish Netherlands, igniting the War of Devolution against the Spanish Empire. The invasion stemmed from France's desire to assert claims over territories which it believed rightfully belonged to France due to Louis XIV's marriage to Maria Theresa, the sister of Charles II of Spain. The French anticipated a swift victory leveraging their military strength to lay claim to the Spanish Netherlands, where the dutiful presence of Spanish troops faced the incursion. The campaign was characterized by quick maneuvers and significant French victories in key locations.

The situation drew international attention as the Triple Alliance, consisting of the Dutch Republic, England, and Sweden, sought to counterbalance France's expansionist ambitions. Political motivations underlined the actions, with apprehensions surrounding the possibility of a French-dominated Europe. The conflict escalated quickly, as the French secured numerous strongholds, including the critical city of Mons, showcasing their military prowess.

The initial successes of the French Army, however, led to complex diplomatic negotiations as the opposing powers sought to stabilize the region. As the war progressed, multiple military engagements highlighted the fierce resistance from Spanish forces, fueled by overriding loyalty to the Spanish crown and the strategic interests of the coalition seeking to contain French dominance.