Operation Solomon Evacuates Ethiopian Jews
Operation Solomon was a large-scale airlift that took place to evacuate Jews from Ethiopia to Israel. It occurred over 36 hours, beginning on May 24, 1991, and involved the use of 34 aircraft, which successfully transported approximately 14,000 Ethiopian Jews to Israel. The operation was launched in response to the deteriorating situation in Ethiopia, where civil war and famine threatened the lives of the Jewish community known as Beta Israel. This coordinated effort involved both the Israeli government and Jewish organizations worldwide.
Over 14,000 Ethiopian Jews were evacuated.
Operation lasted for about 36 hours.
Involved 34 aircraft, including military jets.
Conducted amid civil unrest and international support.
What Happened?
As civil conflicts in Ethiopia escalated during the early 1990s, the plight of Ethiopian Jews became increasingly dire. The Israeli government, under Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, recognized the urgent need to assist the Beta Israel community. A plan was devised for Operation Solomon, a massive airlift operation that would transport Ethiopian Jews to Israel in a swift and compassionate manner. The operation began on May 24, 1991, and lasted for approximately 36 hours. A significant logistics endeavor, it involved the coordination of the Israeli Air Force and several commercial airlines using a total of 34 aircraft.
The airlift was marked by its speed and efficiency, with flights arriving at Israel's Ben Gurion Airport packed with thousands of Ethiopian Jews, many of whom had traveled long distances and endured great hardships. Operation Solomon was carried out amid political upheaval, as Ethiopian authorities were on the brink of collapse. It was particularly noteworthy for the inclusion of many children who had been separated from their families during the harrowing journey.
The swift evacuation of nearly 14,000 Ethiopian Jews showcased Israel's commitment to addressing the diaspora's needs and preserving Jewish identity. Moreover, it set a precedent for future humanitarian airlifts. The operation was a joint effort not just by the Israeli government but also with support from Jewish organizations worldwide, which rallied financial and logistical resources to facilitate this massive transportation effort.
Why Does it Matter?
Operation Solomon is significant as it illustrates the complexities of Jewish identity and diaspora in the modern era. The successful airlift marked a critical moment for Ethiopian Jews, ensuring their safety and integration into Israeli society, and it highlighted Israel's role in the global Jewish community. Additionally, it set a humanitarian precedent that influenced future advocacy and rescue operations for oppressed groups worldwide.