The Organisation of African Unity was officially launched on May 25, 1963, during a summit in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, attended by representatives of 32 independent African countries. The founding charter, signed by the leaders, outlined the principles of unity and cooperation aimed at eradicating colonialism and promoting peace and security across the continent. The formal establishment of the OAU marked a significant step towards the collective identity of African nations in a post-colonial era, prioritizing self-determination, equality, and non-interference in the internal affairs of member states.

Notable figures present at the founding summit included Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, and Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, who were instrumental in advocating for African nationalism. The leaders engaged in lively discussions on various issues, such as the need for economic cooperation, cultural exchange, and the importance of solidarity in the face of ongoing conflicts and colonial legacies in various parts of Africa.

The OAU later expanded to include all African countries, with the aim of fostering regional cooperation and addressing common challenges. Over the years, the organization faced struggles related to political instability, conflicts, and varying national interests among member states. Nonetheless, the OAU's creation was pivotal in spearheading the African independence movement and paved the way for the African Union's formation in 2001, which sought to build on the groundwork laid by the OAU while addressing contemporary challenges.