In 1538, John Calvin, a central figure of the Protestant Reformation, faced expulsion from the city of Geneva along with his followers. The root of this contentious decision lay in the increasing friction between the civic leaders and Calvin's reformist group. Since his arrival in Geneva in 1536, Calvin had worked tirelessly to implement his vision for a morally appropriate Christian community governed by a combination of civil and ecclesiastical laws. His theological positions, however, drew ire from both conservatives and certain civic authorities who felt threatened by his powerful influence over the populace. Disagreements on doctrinal matters, church governance, and the integration of religious authority into civic duties exacerbated the situation.

As tensions reached a boiling point, the Geneva council ultimately decided to expel Calvin and his followers on May 26, 1538. This marked a significant turning point not only for Calvin personally but for the Reformation in Geneva as well. Following his exile, Calvin moved to Strasbourg, where he spent the next three years developing his religious thought further and gaining respect as a theologian. Amidst his exile, he authored several key works that would enhance his theological reputation across Europe.

While in Strasbourg, Calvin engaged with other reformers, including Martin Bucer, who reinforced Calvin’s ideas on church governance and liturgical practices. His time away from Geneva also allowed him to reflect on the reformation he desired for the city. Calvin's exile was not merely a setback but a fruitful period that ultimately contributed to his later success when he returned to Geneva, where he re-established his leadership and furthered his theological vision in a city that was both his home and battleground for Protestant ideals.