The establishment of the Peloponnesian Senate marked a significant moment in the early stages of the Greek War of Independence. As Greek rebels rose against the Ottoman Empire in 1821, the need for a structured means of governance became paramount. The Senate aimed to unify the disparate rebel forces, consolidating power in the hands of a governing body that could effectively lead their efforts toward independence. Comprised of key local leaders and influential figures from the mainland, the Senate was positioned to oversee military strategy and civil governance in the Peloponnese.

In the midst of rebellion, the Peloponnesian Senate sought not only to organize military campaigns but also to establish laws and regulations necessary for the functioning of society under revolutionary conditions. This legislative body met with challenges due to the fluid and sometimes chaotic nature of the ongoing conflict, including internecine rivalries among various factions. One of the Senate's key figures was Georgios Karaïskakis, a prominent military leader whose influence helped galvanize support for this new governance model.

The decision to form such an institution was inspired by the Enlightenment ideals of self-governance and national sovereignty, reflecting a broader aspiration among Greeks for political autonomy. The Senate worked to foster unity among the Peloponnesian population, encouraging local communities to rally around the cause. Despite facing external pressures from the Ottoman forces, the Senate played a critical role in signaling a shift from isolated revolts to a more coordinated effort towards independence. Its establishment can be seen as a foundational step in the eventual formation of a modern Greek state.