The Siege of Palermo began when Giuseppe Garibaldi, the prominent Italian general and nationalist, sought to liberate Sicily from Bourbon rule during the Italian unification movement. After landing in Sicily with his forces, known as the 'Red Shirts' for their distinctive uniforms, Garibaldi aimed to rally the population against King Francis II of the Two Sicilies. The city of Palermo, being both the capital of Sicily and a crucial stronghold for the Bourbons, was a strategic target that would enhance Garibaldi's chances for victory in the island and beyond.

Garibaldi's attack on Palermo involved initially liberating the surrounding areas and then encircling the city. Over several days, he faced stiff resistance from the Bourbon troops, who had fortified themselves within Palermo’s walls. The conflict initially saw heavy fighting, with both sides suffering casualties. However, Garibaldi's charisma and skill attracted volunteers from various backgrounds, swelling his ranks and increasing pressure on the Bourbon defenders. The siege was marked by a combination of guerrilla tactics and direct assaults, reflecting the fervent desire for unification among the Sicilian populace.

As the siege progressed, the determined efforts of Garibaldi and his fighters began to turn the tide. Eventually, the morale of the Bourbon defenders dwindled as supplies ran low and Garibaldi’s forces grew stronger. The culmination of the siege resulted in the capture of Palermo, a turning point in Garibaldi's campaign and a significant event in the timeline of the Italian unification process. This victory not only demonstrated Garibaldi's military prowess but also galvanized support for the cause of a united Italy.