The 6.4 Mw earthquake that struck Yogyakarta in Central Java on May 27, 2006, was one of the deadliest natural disasters to affect Indonesia in recent years. The earthquake occurred at approximately 5:54 AM local time and had its epicenter near the southern coast of the island, leading to significant structural damage across Yogyakarta and surrounding areas, including Bantul and Klaten. The tremors reached an MSK intensity of VIII, resulting in widespread destruction of buildings, infrastructure, and homes in a region known for its rich cultural heritage and dense population.

Emergency services were quickly mobilized, but the scale of destruction hampered rescue efforts. Hospitals were overwhelmed with the influx of injured persons, and many communities were left without access to clean water, food, and electricity. The Indonesian government, along with various international charities and NGOs, launched extensive relief operations to aid those affected and provide essential supplies and medical treatment.

In the weeks and months following the earthquake, recovery and rebuilding efforts were initiated, but the region's vulnerability to future earthquakes remained a significant concern. The disaster prompted discussions around urban planning, disaster preparedness, and the need for better response strategies in earthquake-prone areas. Cultural landmarks were lost, raising awareness about the preservation of historical sites in the face of natural disasters.