The establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964 was a pivotal moment in the Palestinian national movement, initiated at the first Arab Summit held in Cairo, Egypt. This gathering included leaders from various Arab nations and illuminated the plight of Palestinians, prompting a collective response. The PLO aimed to create a governing body that would advocate for Palestinian rights, represent their interests internationally, and unify diverse Palestinian factions, including nationalist groups, in their struggle against Israeli occupation. At this summit, Yasser Arafat, representing the Fatah movement, was elected as the first leader, which marked the transition from fragmented resistance efforts to a more coherent political organization.The PLO's founding charter proclaimed its goals to liberate Palestine, promote the rights of Palestinians, and pursue a national identity. It established the organization's various arms, including a military wing, which would later engage in armed struggle. As the PLO grew in influence, it played a crucial role in international diplomacy, garnering recognition from several countries and becoming a representative of the Palestinians on the world stage. This development marked the beginning of a new chapter in the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict and laid the groundwork for future political negotiations and confrontations in the region.