The referendum in Malta represented a crucial moment in the evolution of the country’s social values and legal framework regarding marital relationships. Historically, Malta had a strict stance against divorce, rooted deeply in its predominantly Catholic culture, where such measures were often viewed negatively. However, public sentiment began to shift in the early 21st century as societal dynamics evolved and more individuals sought legal avenues to end marital relationships that were irreparably broken. On May 28, 2011, voters went to the polls to decide on the introduction of divorce, and the outcome indicated a clear preference for legal reform: 53% supported the initiative. This result was not merely a victory for a legislative measure but a reflection of evolving mindsets that embraced personal freedom and individual rights in family matters.

The proposed law allowed for divorce under specific conditions, including a requirement for couples to be separated for at least four years before filing for divorce. This provision aimed to ensure that partners would have ample time to consider reconciliation before permanently severing marital ties. The campaign leading up to the referendum included passionate debates from various community and religious groups, with opponents of divorce arguing that it undermined family values and the sanctity of marriage. In contrast, proponents highlighted the importance of allowing individuals to escape unhealthy or abusive relationships, echoing broader discussions of personal welfare and rights.

The enactment of this law later in the year fundamentally altered the legal landscape in Malta. Couples who previously found themselves in unresolvable marital situations were granted the opportunity to legally dissolve their marriages, aligning Maltese law with practices common in many other European countries. This also set a precedent for further discussions regarding civil rights and reforms in the predominantly Catholic nation, suggesting an ongoing transformation of Malta's cultural and legal attitudes towards family dynamics and individual agency.