The Battle of Samugarh was a pivotal encounter that occurred in the Mughal War of Succession, arising from the struggle for the imperial throne after the decline of Shah Jahan's health. This conflict unfolded near the strategically important town of Samugarh, located not far from Agra. The battle saw two prominent Mughal princes, Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh, lead opposing forces as they vied for control of the empire. Aurangzeb, representing a more conservative and militaristic faction, clashed with his elder brother Dara Shikoh, who was known for his more liberal and culturally open approach.

The confrontation began with heavy artillery fire, followed by a fierce ground battle. Aurangzeb demonstrated superior tactics and was able to outmaneuver Dara's forces, effectively using the terrain to his advantage. The battle raged throughout the day, with significant casualties on both sides. Ultimately, Dara Shikoh's forces were decisively defeated, prompting him to flee. This defeat in battle allowed Aurangzeb to gain significant ground not only in military terms but also in terms of political legitimacy, as he rapidly consolidated support from various factions within the empire.

As a result of Aurangzeb's victory, he solidified his claim to the imperial throne, which he would ultimately seize in the subsequent months. This battle was not merely a fight for the throne, but it also symbolized a broader shift in the Mughal Empire's political landscape, paving the way for Aurangzeb's contentious and long reign, which would see significant changes in governance and religious policies across the subcontinent.