Mustafa IV ascended to the throne of the Ottoman Empire in a dramatic palace coup, instigated by a coalition of military leaders and conservative factions dissatisfied with the reforms implemented by his predecessor, Sultan Selim III. The coup on May 29, 1807, saw Selim III imprisoned and his execution ordered, allowing Mustafa IV to claim both the sultanate and the caliphate. This transition marked a significant shift within the imperial court, as Mustafa IV was seen as a more traditional ruler who would resist further modernization, which had been a hallmark of Selim's reign. Mustafa IV's short reign was characterized by efforts to reverse the administrative and military reforms that had strained the empire's traditional structure, aiming to consolidate power among the traditionalist elites.Despite his efforts, Mustafa IV's reign was short-lived. He faced substantial internal dissent from factions that supported military reform, culminating in further instability and unrest. His lack of political experience and reliance on old advisors hampered his effectiveness, leading to a loss of support among the army and the general populace. Ultimately, Mustafa IV was dethroned in 1808, just over a year after his ascension, and he was succeeded by his cousin, Mahmud II, who would go on to instigate a series of significant reforms intended to modernize the empire decisively. The events surrounding Mustafa IV's reign underscored the tensions within the empire and set the stage for the reformative changes that would follow during Mahmud II's rule.