The arrival of U.S. President Ronald Reagan in Moscow for a summit with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev marked a pivotal moment in the Cold War era. The summit was characterized by an atmosphere of increased dialogue between the superpowers, a stark contrast to the decades of hostility that defined their relationship. Both leaders recognized the necessity of reducing nuclear tensions and engaging in discussions beyond mere arms control, as they also sought to foster better bilateral relations.

Reagan's interactions with Gorbachev highlighted their differing approaches to governance and the future of their nations. Gorbachev’s policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) were central to the discussions, as Reagan sought to understand the Soviet leader's vision for reform. They explored various topics ranging from disarmament agreements to human rights, showcasing a desire to address foundational issues affecting both nations.

The backdrop of the summit included significant developments in Europe and Asia, where changes in Eastern Europe were creating momentum towards a reevaluation of Soviet policies. The summit had the potential to shift the trajectory of U.S.-Soviet relations and laid the groundwork for future arms reduction treaties. This meeting was also pivotal for solidifying Gorbachev's reform agenda domestically, as he sought to enhance the Soviet Union's global standing by engaging in constructive dialogue with the West.