In a pivotal moment for European integration, France conducted a national referendum on the proposed Constitution for the European Union, resulting in a significant rejection by voters. The referendum, which took place in late May, was marked by a high voter turnout of around 70%. Polls leading up to the vote indicated a closely contested outcome, but as the day approached, sentiment shifted dramatically. Ultimately, the French electorate opted against ratifying the Constitution by a margin of approximately 55% to 45%. This referendum was especially significant as France was a founding member of the European Union and held considerable influence over its trajectory.

The debate surrounding the Constitution had ignited discussions about national sovereignty, economic policies, and concerns over immigration and social issues. Various political factions campaigned vigorously on both sides, with the opponents of the Constitution arguing that it would dilute French sovereignty and impose unwanted regulations. Prominent figures in this debate included French political leaders from both the left and right, as well as various civil society organizations that organized grassroots campaigns. As news of the 'non' spread, it became evident that the political landscape in France was shifting, impacting the future of not only France's role in the EU but also the EU's overall integration process.

Following the French rejection, the implications for the European Union were profound, leading to discussions about reforms and the future direction of the EU. The prospects for a European constitution appeared bleak, and many member states hesitated to hold similar referendums on the issue. The debate was not limited to France; similar sentiments emerged in other countries, leading to uncertainties about enhancing European governance in the context of an expanding membership and varying national interests.