The Peasants' Revolt, also known as Wat Tyler's Rebellion, arose in 1381 as a direct response to the socio-economic conditions faced by the lower classes in England, exacerbated by the substantial taxation due to the ongoing Hundred Years' War. As the economic pressure mounted, particularly due to the introduction of a poll tax that disproportionately affected the peasantry, widespread discontent brewed among the rural population. Organized around the charismatic figure of Wat Tyler and inspired by the preacher John Ball, the movement coalesced into a formidable force aiming to confront the authority of King Richard II and the entrenched aristocracy.

On May 30, thousands of peasants gathered and began their march towards London, where they sought to voice their grievances and demand reforms. This assembly marked a pivotal moment as it showcased the unity and resolve of the lower classes, who felt that their voices were marginalized by the ruling elite. The rebels targeted structures of authority, setting aflame the homes of tax collectors and nobles. Their demands included the abolition of serfdom, fairer taxes, and greater freedoms.

The revolt ultimately culminated in a series of confrontations in London, where the rebels, emboldened by their numbers, hoped to negotiate directly with the King. As Wat Tyler emerged as the leader of the uprising, he emphasized the need for equal rights and justice, separating the demands of the rebels from mere fiscal complaints to broader social reform. However, the uprising soon faced tragic repercussions as the movement was violently suppressed in the ensuing weeks, leading to fierce reprisals against its leaders and participants.