The Siege of Jerusalem was a significant episode in the First Jewish-Roman War, with the Roman forces commanded by General Titus effectively breaching the Second Wall of Jerusalem. This occurred amidst a backdrop of escalating conflict between the Roman Empire and the Jewish populace in Judea, who were seeking greater autonomy and relief from oppressive taxation. The Roman siege began in earnest around the spring of 70 CE, and the strategy employed by Titus involved precise military tactics and overwhelming force. After breaching the Second Wall, the Jewish defenders, facing dire circumstances, retreated to the First Wall, which was more defensible but increasingly vulnerable to Roman assault.

The Romans, recognizing the need to restrict resources and reinforcements from reaching the city, constructed a circumvallation. This involved surrounding the city with trenches and walls while cutting down trees within a fifteen-kilometer radius, effectively diminishing the defenders' ability to procure wood for weapons or fortifications. The construction of this circumvallation was aimed at isolating the city and crippling any hope of external support. The siege would continue for several months, leading to severe famine and suffering among the Jewish population, ultimately culminating in the city’s fall later that year.

This conflict had far-reaching implications for Judea and the Jewish people, marking a significant military campaign that would lead to the destruction of the Second Temple. The Roman strategies employed during the siege demonstrated their capability for siege warfare, setting precedents for future military campaigns. The fierce resistance of the Jewish defenders highlighted the socio-political tensions of the regional power dynamics at the time.