King Henry III of France initiated the construction of the Pont Neuf on May 31, 1578. This bridge, designed to span the Seine River, was envisioned as a vital artery for transportation and commerce in Paris. Located in the heart of the city, the Pont Neuf would serve as a critical linkage between the Île de la Cité, where the historical Notre-Dame Cathedral is situated, and the Left Bank, facilitating both pedestrian passage and trade. The project's ambition was part of a broader effort to modernize and beautify the capital, reflecting the wealth and power of the French monarchy during this period.

The bridge’s construction was led by architect João de Arruda, who sought to implement innovative design elements. Unlike previous bridges, Pont Neuf was designed with a broad surface that could accommodate the increasing traffic of carts and pedestrians, adorned with 12 elegant arches. The name "Pont Neuf" literally translates to “New Bridge,” highlighting its modernity compared to the older structures of its time. It would later become a symbol of the city's resilience and architectural progress.

As the construction progressed, the bridge became a focal point for social life in Paris. Market stalls were established along its spans, transforming it into a vibrant marketplace. This unique blend of utility and community helped solidify its place in the hearts of Parisians. Within a few years of its completion, the Pont Neuf would stand as a testament to the advancements in infrastructure, setting a standard for future urban development in European cities.