During the Italo-Turkish War, Italy aimed to exert its influence in the Mediterranean, targeting the strategically significant island of Rhodes. This campaign was part of larger ambitions to expand its colonial possessions and challenge Ottoman control of the region. The Italo-Turkish War itself began in September 1911, primarily stemming from Italy’s desire to acquire territories that were seen as remnants of the declining Ottoman Empire. As part of this endeavor, the Italian military conducted operations to seize the islands of the Dodecanese, of which Rhodes was a critical stronghold due to its location and rich historical significance.

On May 4, 1912, Italian forces landed on Rhodes with relative ease. The Ottoman defenses were insufficient to repel the invasion, leading to a swift occupation. This seizure was not only a military victory for Italy but also held symbolic value, as Rhodes had a storied history dating back to classical antiquity and had served as an important outpost for the Ottomans for centuries. The quick capture showcased Italy's naval strength and revealed the vulnerabilities of the Ottoman military at the time.

The successful occupation of Rhodes and other islands further consolidated Italy's presence in the Dodecanese and set the stage for future territorial negotiations. Rhodes would eventually remain under Italian control until World War II, during which it would see significant changes in governance and cultural influences. The capture also marked a shift in the balance of power in the Mediterranean region, foreshadowing Italy’s growing assertiveness in international politics leading up to the global conflicts that followed in the coming decades.