The Battle of the Coral Sea marked a pivotal escalation in the Pacific Theater of World War II, initiated on May 4, 1942. This battle was significant as it was the first naval engagement fought entirely by aircraft, changing the dynamics of naval warfare. U.S. naval forces, specifically those aboard the aircraft carrier USS Yorktown, launched a surprise attack on Japanese ships near Tulagi Island, which had been invaded by Japanese forces just a day earlier. The operation aimed to thwart further Japanese attempts to expand their control in the Solomon Islands and to disrupt their plans to seize Port Moresby in New Guinea.

Strategically, Tulagi was chosen as a key target, being a vital location for Japanese naval forces to maintain supply lines and base operations. In response to the immediate threat posed by the Japanese forces, Admiral Frank J. Fletcher commanded the fleet, balancing the risks of engaging the enemy against the importance of preventing potential Japanese dominance in the region. The attack on Tulagi set off a series of air battles that would stretch over the following days, highlighting the importance of air superiority in modern naval combat.

The Battle of the Coral Sea was characterized by significant naval engagements and showcased the capabilities of naval aviation. Despite severe losses on both sides, the battle effectively halted the Japanese expansion in the South Pacific and provided a strategic advantage for the Allies, ultimately contributing to their success in subsequent engagements.