The South African Defence Force (SADF) conducted a military operation against a base operated by the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) in Cassinga, southern Angola. This assault took place during a period marked by escalating tensions in Southern Africa, particularly in the context of SWAPO’s ongoing fight for the independence of Namibia from South African rule. The attack, which occurred amid Cold War dynamics and the regional struggle against colonialism, was executed with the intent of crippling SWAPO's military capabilities and halting its border incursions into Namibia, which aimed to incite resistance against South African governance in the territory.

Cassinga was not only a military outpost but also served as a temporary refuge for Namibian refugees and civilians. The SADF claimed that their intelligence indicated military activity at the location. However, the operation resulted in massive civilian casualties, with around 600 deaths reported, including women and children. The attack drew international condemnation, highlighting the human cost of military interventions in the region and igniting debates over the ethics of warfare in civilian-populated areas. It further intensified the conflict involving international actors and ultimately raised awareness of the Namibian independence struggle on a global scale.

The event marked a turning point in the broader conflict dynamics in Southern Africa, influencing regional policies and the actions of liberation movements. The aftermath saw an increased focus on achieving peace in Namibia and fostered international diplomatic efforts aimed at resolving conflicts across the continent. Furthermore, it demonstrated the strategic military strategies employed by South Africa to maintain its influence while countering the rising tide of nationalism and independence movements throughout the region.