Maximilien Robespierre, a key leader of the French Revolution, proposed the Cult of the Supreme Being as a new state religion, reflecting the revolutionary spirit and radical changes taking place in France. In an era marked by political turmoil and the Reign of Terror, Robespierre sought to establish a national religion that would support republican ideals and a moral society devoid of the traditional Christian influence. He viewed the Cult as a way to cultivate civic virtue among the citizens, reinforcing a sense of community grounded in reason and morality. The introduction of this new faith took place within the National Convention chamber, where Robespierre emphasized the importance of a central deity as a source of moral authority.

The Cult of the Supreme Being drew heavily from Enlightenment philosophy, promoting reason and civic duty over blind faith. Robespierre organized public ceremonies and festivals to celebrate this new belief system, exemplifying his desire to instill a sense of unity and purpose in revolutionary France. The significance of these ceremonies was further highlighted by the Festival of the Supreme Being, which included parades, speeches, and an elaborate display that showcased the principles of freedom and morality. This grand event aimed to solidify the Cult's place in French society, but it also alienated those who remained faithful to traditional religions. While intended to purify the Republic, Robespierre's initiative faced backlash from various factions within the revolutionary movement and contributed to the eventual decline of his influence.