The Treaty of London in 1832 was a pivotal step in solidifying Greece's independence from the Ottoman Empire, ending a long struggle that began with the Greek War of Independence in 1821. The war was marked by various battles, uprisings, and the involvement of several pivotal figures, including Alexandros Ypsilantis and Theodoros Kolokotronis, who led forces fighting for Greek freedom. Inspired by Enlightenment ideals and fueled by a rising sense of national identity, the Greeks sought to liberate themselves from centuries of Ottoman control, which had stifled their culture and governance.

The major European powers, primarily Britain, France, and Russia, played influential roles in the eventual recognition of Greek independence. Their interest in the region was partly motivated by the strategic importance of Greece and the potential for weakening Ottoman influence in Europe. The European intervention culminated in naval engagements, the most notable being the Battle of Navarino in 1827, which decisively favored the Greeks and their allies.

Following these military victories and prolonged diplomatic negotiations, the 1832 treaty was signed, affirming Greece's sovereignty and establishing its borders. With this, Greece became the first nation to declare independence from the Ottoman Empire during a series of nationalist movements sweeping Europe. The first king of Greece, Otto, a Bavarian prince, was established shortly thereafter, symbolizing a new era of governance for the newly independent state.