Mohandas Gandhi's undertaking of a 21-day fast in 1933 served as a pivotal moment in the ongoing struggle for the rights of Harijans, whom he referred to as 'children of God.' With this fast, he aimed not only for personal self-purification but to galvanize public opinion on issues of social inequalities in India. Gandhi was particularly focused on the plight of the Harijans, who had faced severe discrimination under the caste system. The fast was a method he frequently employed to draw attention to his causes and to inspire others to reflect upon their ethical and moral responsibilities towards society's most oppressed members.

As part of this initiative, Gandhi also launched a dedicated, one-year campaign aimed at addressing the issues faced by the Harijans, which included promoting their education, employment opportunities, and overall social status. Gandhi's philosophy promoted the inclusion and upliftment of all segments of society, and this campaign was emblematic of his lifelong commitment to nonviolence and equality. The fast was not only a reflection of his personal struggle but also a beacon for greater societal reform.

The fast gathered significant media attention, drawing support and criticism alike. While some lauded his efforts, others viewed his methods as defiance against British authority. During this time, Gandhi emerged as a national icon and symbol of resistance. His actions encouraged many to join the freedom movement and inspired a dialogue around social justice, ultimately leading to increased awareness and activism against social discrimination in Indian society.