Hernando de Alarcón, a Spanish explorer and navigator, embarked on a significant expedition to the Gulf of California in search of new trade routes and to explore the waters that were believed to link the Pacific to the Atlantic. Commissioned by the Viceroy of New Spain, Antonio de Mendoza, de Alarcón's voyage was driven by the desire to locate the legendary Strait of Anián, often thought to provide a shortcut to the riches of the East. Departing from Acapulco, he sailed along the coast of present-day Mexico in May 1540, facing numerous challenges such as treacherous waters and the unknown geography of the region.Throughout the journey, de Alarcón meticulously recorded his observations of the diverse coastline and the cultures of the indigenous peoples he encountered, providing valuable insights into the area. His crew interacted with various tribes, exchanging goods and learning about local customs, which helped inform Spanish policies regarding indigenous relations moving forward. The expedition additionally offered data on the region’s natural resources, such as fish and potential agricultural land, which would later encourage further exploration and colonization efforts by the Spanish.De Alarcón's exploration was crucial for the future Spanish expeditions into the interior of Mexico and beyond, laying groundwork for future conquests and settlements. Ultimately, while he did not find the much-sought Strait of Anián, his efforts significantly contributed to the mapping and understanding of the Pacific region and its potential for Spain's expanding empire.