Following his escape from exile on the island of Elba, Napoleon Bonaparte sought to regain control over France and re-establish his rule. On this occasion, he promulgated a revised constitution that was overwhelmingly approved by a plebiscite that confirmed the support of the French populace. This constitution was not merely a legal document; it was a strategic move to secure popular backing for his regime after the chaotic period following the fall of the Bourbon King Louis XVIII. The vote was marked by strong public sentiment favoring stability and a return to strong leadership, both of which Napoleon promised to provide.

The revised constitution blended elements of the earlier Napoleonic Constitution of 1800 with changes that reflected the political landscape post-1814. It reinforced Napoleon's position as 'First Consul,' granting him significant powers over French governance and military action. Moreover, the constitution reduced the legislative bodies' powers while promoting the idea of a strong, centralized state. This approach was aimed at quelling opposition and consolidating his authoritarian rule in the face of rising Bourbon royalist sympathies and threats.

During the plebiscite, voters were presented with only a simple yes or no vote on the new constitution, creating an environment where dissent could be viewed suspiciously. The overwhelming vote in favor—while somewhat manufactured—was a clear signal that many in France were willing to support Napoleon's return, at least temporarily, over the uncertainty posed by the restoration of the Bourbons. The constitutional approval marked a significant moment in Napoleon's attempt to legitimize his rule and illustrate the populace's desire for continuity and strength in leadership, as he embarked on yet another phase of his reign, leading to the eventual Waterloo campaign and his further downfall.