Kenya officially became a republic, transforming its previous status as a constitutional monarchy. Following its independence from British colonial rule in 1963, this transition was a crucial step towards establishing a more autonomous and self-governing nation. The National Assembly voted to abolish the monarchy, which had been led by the Queen of England, thereby consolidating executive powers to the presidency. Jomo Kenyatta, who was a leading figure in the fight for independence as the head of the Kenya African National Union (KANU), was elected as the first President of Kenya by the Assembly.

Kenyatta's presidency was significant, as he had been a prominent leader in advocating for Kenyan nationalism and self-rule. His leadership was anticipated to steer the new republic towards economic and social development while promoting national unity among the diverse ethnic groups within Kenya. The first government under Kenyatta faced multiple challenges, including addressing issues related to land reform, tribal tensions, and economic inequalities. Nonetheless, the declaration of the republic marked a pivotal turning point for the country in establishing a national identity.

The move to establish Kenya as a republic was widely celebrated by many, as it represented the culmination of years of struggle against colonialism. The event drew national and international attention, highlighting Kenya's resolve to chart its own course while promoting independence movements throughout Africa. The shift to a republic not only transformed governance in Kenya but also inspired neighboring nations working towards similar aspirations of autonomy and self-determination.