The Treaty of Compiègne marked a pivotal development in the relationship between France and the Netherlands, solidifying their alliance during a time of conflict in Europe, specifically against Spanish dominance. The context of the treaty lies in the broader scope of the Eighty Years' War, where the Dutch Republic was fighting for its independence from Spanish rule. France, emerging as a key player in European politics, sought to support the Dutch cause while simultaneously enhancing its own strategic position in the region. Notable statesman Cardinal Richelieu, serving as the chief minister to King Louis XIII of France, was instrumental in fostering the alliance, demonstrating his diplomatic acumen and vision for a united front against common foes.

During the negotiations at Compiègne, both nations sought to establish terms that would not only forge an alliance against Spain but also stimulate economic benefits through trade agreements. The treaty included provisions for mutual military support, joint campaigns, and the cessation of hostilities that had previously hindered trade. This cooperative effort also reflected the broader geopolitical shifts of the period, with France looking to expand its influence while the Netherlands aimed to secure its independence and economic stability.

The negotiations culminated in a formal signing that symbolized the newly strengthened ties and shared ambitions of France and the Netherlands. The treaty facilitated an enhanced military collaboration and paved the way for future diplomatic engagements, influencing the balance of power in Europe for years to come. While it did not end ongoing hostilities, it laid the groundwork for a more coordinated approach between the two nations in their struggles against external threats.