Mihailo Obrenović III, the reigning Prince of Serbia, was assassinated in Belgrade by political adversaries who sought reprisal for his dictatorial governance. The attack occurred during a period marked by political instability and a struggle for power among various factions within Serbia. Obrenović had returned to power in 1858 and was known for his efforts to modernize the state and consolidate authority, which alienated several political groups. His assassination was premeditated, carried out by individuals who believed they could reshape Serbia's political landscape following his death.

The assassination took place in a tumultuous atmosphere where various ethnic and political factions were vying for control. The attackers, influenced by nationalist sentiments, struck as Mihailo was heading to his residence. Reports indicated that he was ambushed and brutally murdered. The event not only shocked the citizens of Belgrade, but also ignited conversations around governance and reform within Serbia. It led to a brief period of chaos as the country navigated the immediate power vacuum.

Following the assassination, Serbia experienced a series of political familial disputes particularly among the Obrenović and Karađorđević dynasties. With Mihailo gone, the legitimacy of his successors was immediately questioned. Events unfolded quickly leading to the retaliatory actions against the assassins and their families, and a re-examination of monarchical power in Serbia. The assassination ultimately shifted the course of Serbian politics toward greater influence from nationalist movements and eventually contributed to the broader regional conflicts in the Balkans.