Naval Assault on Han River Forts
Captain McLane Tilton commanded a force of 109 US Marines in a naval attack on the Han River forts located on Kanghwa Island, Korea. The operation was part of broader efforts to force diplomatic relations with Korea. The US aimed to demonstrate its naval power and press for trade agreements, responding to Korea's isolationist policies. The military action involved land and naval engagements against Korean fortifications.
Part of the Second Korean Expedition.
Aimed to establish U.S.-Korea trade relations.
Fought against Korean fortifications on Kanghwa.
Demonstrated U.S. naval military capabilities.
What Happened?
The Sinmiyangyo, often referred to as the Second Korean Expedition, was a significant military operation undertaken by the United States in 1871. Under the command of Captain McLane Tilton, a contingent of 109 Marines launched a naval assault on the Han River forts situated on Kanghwa Island, which was part of Korea. This operation was initiated in response to the Korean government's refusal to establish diplomatic relations with the U.S. and the expulsion of an American ship, the General Sherman, from Korean waters in the late 1860s. The American forces aimed to demonstrate their military capabilities and compel the Korean government to open ports to foreign trade.The attack was executed with coordination between naval and land forces. The Marines landed on the island where they faced resistance from Korean soldiers defending the forts. Despite suffering casualties, the U.S. forces successfully captured the forts, showcasing their naval superiority. The skirmishes marked one of the few direct engagements between the U.S. military and Korean troops during this period. Following the conflict, diplomatic negotiations were attempted, but initial hostility persisted in U.S.-Korea relations for several more years before any lasting agreements were established.
Why Does it Matter?
The Sinmiyangyo is interesting because it marked a pivotal moment in U.S.-Korea relations, illustrating the violent efforts by Western powers to impose their will on Asian nations during the 19th century. The military action prompted eventual diplomatic engagement with Korea, laying the groundwork for future interactions, including trade and the eventual establishment of formal diplomatic ties in the early 20th century. Not only did it highlight the era's imperialistic attitudes toward East Asia, but it also represented the United States' expanding influence on the global stage.