The Battle of Guantánamo Bay was a pivotal moment during the Spanish-American War, occurring when U.S. Marines conducted an amphibious landing at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba in June 1898. The decision to invade was influenced by the growing sentiment in the United States to assist Cuban revolutionaries in their fight for independence from Spanish colonial rule. Facing an underprepared Spanish garrison, U.S. forces sought to gain control of the bay to secure a naval base and facilitate further military operations in Cuba. The operation was part of a broader strategy by the U.S. to demonstrate its military capabilities and influence in the Caribbean.

Under the command of Colonel William L. McCoy, approximately 1,000 Marines landed on June 6, beginning the assault on the Spanish forces. The U.S. was well-prepared in comparison to its adversaries, who faced disorganization and lack of supplies. Following a series of land engagements, the Marines quickly established control over the area. The success of the landing allowed U.S. forces to use Guantánamo Bay as a supply and staging area for further advances into Cuba, ultimately leading to significant military victories against Spanish troops in subsequent weeks.

The operation also showcased the effectiveness of the newly formed Marine Corps in conducting rapid, amphibious assaults—a tactic that would be further refined in future conflicts. Furthermore, the battle highlighted the strategic importance of naval power in American military doctrine and emphasized the role of military interventions in foreign affairs, setting a precedent for U.S. involvement in the Caribbean region.