The occupation of Alcatraz Island by Native American activists began in November 1969, when a group called Indians of All Tribes claimed the land. They argued that the island, which had been decommissioned as a prison, rightfully belonged to them under an 1868 treaty that promised land to the Native American population. The group aimed to highlight issues such as poverty, discrimination, and inadequate health care that many Native Americans faced in the United States. Over time, the occupation gained national attention and attracted various supporters, bringing broader awareness to Native American rights and grievances.As the occupation continued into 1971, the U.S. government, under President Richard Nixon, began to view the situation more unfavorably. In early 1971, there were indications that federal authorities were preparing to take decisive action against the occupiers. Tensions escalated as the protesters maintained a presence on the island, confronting police and security forces who attempted to limit access. On June 11, federal marshals and other law enforcement officials removed the last holdouts from the island, ending the 19-month long occupation.The withdrawal of the activists from Alcatraz symbolized both a literal and figurative conclusion to a significant chapter of Native American activism. Although the occupation ended, it helped ignite a renewed interest in Native American rights and issues, influencing policies and advocacy efforts in the years to come.