Thomas Willett's appointment as the first mayor of New York City was a pivotal moment in the city's early governance. Before this appointment, New York was primarily governed by colonial administrators and military leaders under the Dutch and later the English colonial rule. Willett, who had significant standing in the community, was chosen for his ability to unify the diverse groups within the city. He had previously served in various capacities, including as a member of the council, which provided him with the experience necessary for the role. His term began during a time of transition as New York moved from a Dutch colony to an English one, following the English capture of the city in 1664. As mayor, Willett faced the task of managing the diverse population and establishing order amidst growing tensions and differing interests of various groups, including the Dutch colonists, English settlers, and indigenous populations. This role laid the groundwork for the development of a formal municipal government in one of the most important cities in North America.

The inaugural meeting of the city’s governing body was marked by an effort to appease various factions and reinforce the legitimacy of English rule. Willett's leadership was crucial in fostering a sense of community and collaboration among the city’s inhabitants. By establishing ordinances and overseeing city services, he aimed to create a stable environment conducive to commerce and settlement. His administration worked towards the enhancement of public safety and infrastructure, setting an example for those who followed.

Willett's tenure also represented a shift toward a more organized government structure that would evolve in complexity as New York grew in size and importance. This initial framework for governance would eventually lead to the establishment of more formal electoral processes, allowing future citizens a voice in their local administration. His appointment signified the beginning of a political legacy that would influence future generations of city leaders.