The Battle of Ballynahinch occurred as part of the Irish Rebellion of 1798, which aimed to end British rule in Ireland and establish a republic. The United Irishmen, a radical political organization, had gained momentum throughout the country, particularly in Ulster, where dissatisfaction with British governance and sectarian divisions were prevalent. Ballynahinch became a focal point for a large concentration of rebel forces who were seeking to consolidate their strength against the British. The insurgents, although motivated by their cause, were poorly equipped and faced a formidable adversary in the British army, who were preparing to quell the uprising with overwhelming force.

On June 12, the insurgents, numbering roughly 3,000 men, made a determined stand at Ballynahinch against a force of around 5,000 British troops. Led by prominent United Irish leaders like Henry Joy McCracken, the rebels engaged in fierce fighting. Despite their resolve and knowledge of the local terrain, the United Irishmen were ultimately outmatched by the disciplined British military tactics and firepower. The battle lasted several hours and resulted in heavy casualties for the rebels, culminating in their defeat and further repression of the United Irish movement.

This battle illustrated the determination of the Irish people to seek independence but also highlighted the challenges posed by British military superiority. Following the battle, the rebellion faltered, leading to widespread arrests, executions, and lasting repercussions for the United Irishmen. The defeat at Ballynahinch marked a turning point in the rebellion, as most coordinated efforts to challenge British rule were effectively dismantled in the months that followed.