The Tambov Rebellion, which emerged in 1920, was a major uprising against the Bolshevik government in Russia, characterized by widespread dissatisfaction among the peasant population due to requisitioning policies that stripped them of their grain and livestock. The rebellion was fueled by a desire for autonomy and an end to oppressive state controls, especially during the Russian Civil War. In response to this significant threat to Bolshevik authority, Mikhail Tukhachevsky, a prominent military leader, made the controversial decision to employ chemical weapons to quell the insurgency. This marked one of the first instances of chemical agents being used in a conflict within the boundaries of a conventional army versus guerrilla fighters.The deployment of chemical weapons began in mid-1921, aiming to instill fear and collapse the organized resistance facings the Bolsheviks. These tactics illustrated a turning point in military strategy, as the state resorted to using such inhumane measures to regain control over rebellious territories. The Tukhachevsky-led campaign effectively crushed the rebellion, leading to a substantial loss of life among the peasantry. Following the brutal suppression, the Bolsheviks consolidated power in the region, which allowed them to implement state policies more effectively.This event not only encapsulates the extremes to which the Soviet government was willing to go to maintain its grip on power but also highlights the ongoing repercussions of actions taken during this tumultuous period in Russian history. The use of chemical weapons foreshadowed future military tactics in conflicts around the world and raised ethical questions that resonate to this day.