Transfer of Northern Schleswig to Denmark
Northern Schleswig was transferred from Germany to Denmark following a series of plebiscites. The plebiscites, held under the supervision of the League of Nations, aimed to determine the national identity of the inhabitants of largely German-speaking areas after World War I. The vote favored Danish sovereignty, reflecting the desire of many residents to join Denmark, leading to the official transfer of territory.
Plebiscites determined local national identity.
Significant outcome post-World War I borders.
Region had historical ties to both Denmark and Germany.
Decision reflected local population's cultural affiliations.
What Happened?
Following the end of World War I, the Treaty of Versailles significantly redrew national boundaries in Europe, particularly affecting Germany and its neighbors. Among the regions impacted were the areas of Schleswig, which had been contested between Germany and Denmark for centuries. In the wake of the war, it was decided that the populations in certain parts of Schleswig should be allowed to choose their national affiliation through plebiscites. The first plebiscite took place on February 10, 1920, in the northern region, while a second one occurred in the southern region later that April. The result of the plebiscite in Northern Schleswig showed a decisive preference for integration with Denmark, as many residents identified culturally and linguistically as Danish, despite being governed by Germany during the preceding years. Based on these results, the transfer of the territory was officially enacted on June 15, 1920, solidifying Denmark's claims over Northern Schleswig and restoring a sense of national unity for those who identified as Danish. This transition was an important step in post-war negotiations and resolutions regarding self-determination in Europe.
Why Does it Matter?
The transfer of Northern Schleswig to Denmark is noteworthy for its role in the post-World War I reshaping of European borders and the principle of national self-determination. It not only marked the re-establishment of Danish authority over areas with significant cultural ties to Denmark but also set a precedent for future territorial adjustments based on the will of local populations. This event influenced subsequent peace treaties and divisions in Europe, contributing to conversations about nationalism that would echo throughout the 20th century.