The establishment of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park was the culmination of a long campaign for the preservation of the region's natural beauty and cultural history. Efforts to create a national park began in the early 20th century, sparked by the establishment of the national park movement in the United States. The park was officially established in 1934, following years of advocacy by notable individuals and organizations, including the Great Smoky Mountains Conservation Association and the University of North Carolina. The park’s creation was also made possible through significant federal funding provided by the New Deal, which aimed to stimulate the economy during the Great Depression.

Encompassing vast forests, diverse wildlife, and numerous historical sites, including remnants of early settlers and indigenous peoples, the park serves as a sanctuary for both nature and history. Its unique biodiversity is noteworthy, housing over 19,000 documented species and potentially tens of thousands more yet to be discovered. This richness attracts scientists and nature enthusiasts alike, contributing to conservation and ecological studies. Additionally, the park’s picturesque landscapes draw millions of visitors each year, enhancing the local economy through tourism.

The park also commemorates the cultural heritage of the Appalachia region, showcasing the customs and history of the people who lived there. Educational programs and preserved sites within the park tell the story of the land's stewards over the centuries. The establishment of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park set a precedent for future conservation efforts and the establishment of additional national parks across the country, emphasizing the importance of preserving natural spaces for future generations.