On June 16, 1955, the political tensions in Argentina reached a boiling point when rogue pilots from the Argentine Navy conducted an aerial attack on a large group of civilians demonstrating in favor of President Juan Perón. The aircraft dropped bombs over the unarmed crowd in Buenos Aires, leading to the horrific loss of 364 lives and injuring at least 800 others. This attack was part of a larger effort by dissenting factions within the military to topple Perón's government, showcasing the significant divide among the military, political sectors, and various civilian groups regarding Perón's authoritarian rule and social policies. While the aerial assault raged, other elements within the military attempted a ground coup, although this insurrection was quickly suppressed by Perón's loyal forces, highlighting the internal struggle for power within the military establishment itself.

This violent incident underscored the volatility of Perón's administration, which had already faced numerous challenges from opposition groups and dissident military factions. Perón, having been a controversial figure, enjoyed considerable support from the working class and certain sectors of society due to his social reforms. However, opposition from conservative factions, including segments of the military and elite, was persistent. The events of this day amplified the existing tensions, leading to an even harsher crackdown on dissent and setting the stage for future escalations in violence in the country.

In the aftermath, the bombing had significant implications for Argentine politics. The civilian casualties created a public outcry against the military's actions, alongside an increased polarization of the populace concerning Perón. Over time, these conflicts contributed to a cycle of military coups and political instability that would plague Argentina for decades, shaping its trajectory well into the latter half of the twentieth century.