In June 1965, the United States Air Force began utilizing B-52 bombers, aircraft originally designed for strategic nuclear deterrence, in a conventional combat role in the Vietnam War. This operational decision was part of a broader military strategy to combat the growing influence and activities of the Viet Cong, who were increasingly challenging the South Vietnamese government and U.S. forces. The B-52s, with their capacity to carry substantial bomb loads, were deployed to provide air support for ground operations and to conduct saturation bombing in areas where guerrilla fighters were suspected of operating.

The deployment of B-52s marked a significant escalation in U.S. military strategy and showcased the shift towards heavy bombardment tactics that defined much of the Vietnam War. The U.S. aimed to cripple the Viet Cong's supply lines and reduce their operational effectiveness through these large-scale air raids. This approach raised concerns over civilian casualties and the long-term implications of heavy bombing campaigns in populated areas. The operation sought to instill fear among the insurgents and demonstrate American military power.

As U.S. forces became more involved, tactics evolved. Initial operations heavily relied on traditional firepower, leading to devastating consequences in rural areas. The strategy drew criticism both domestically and internationally, as high civilian casualties began to emerge. Despite the intention of dislodging guerrilla forces, the psychological impact on the Vietnamese people was profound, contributing to anti-American sentiments and fueling the conflict further. The extensive use of B-52s would continue throughout the Vietnam War, underscoring the contentious nature of U.S. military involvement in Vietnam.