Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, an American couple, were executed at Sing Sing prison in New York, convicted of espionage for allegedly passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. Their trial, which began in 1951, became a focal point during the Cold War, as tensions between the US and the USSR escalated. The charges against them stemmed from the government's claim that they were part of a spy ring that provided crucial information about the atomic bomb, which was believed to have aided Soviet nuclear development. Both Julius, an electrical engineer, and Ethel, a homemaker, maintained their innocence throughout the trial and subsequent appeals, arguing that the evidence against them was insufficient and largely circumstantial.The trial was heavily influenced by the national paranoia about communism and the actions of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). The proceedings were controversial for their serious implications for civil liberties and the fairness of the legal system. The Rosenbergs garnered international attention, with many viewing their execution as a politically motivated act rather than a justified punishment for espionage. Protest movements emerged, calling for clemency and raising questions about the integrity of the judicial system. Despite public outcry and appeals for their lives, they were executed by electrocution, marking a significant and contentious moment in American history.