The Gordon Riots emerged in June 1780 as a fierce reaction against anti-Catholic sentiment in Britain. Stemming from increased tensions between Catholics and Protestants, these riots were ignited by the repeal of certain anti-Catholic laws, notably the Papists Act of 1778, which sought to increase the rights of Catholic citizens. Lord George Gordon, a prominent Protestant leader and member of the British Parliament, rallied demonstrators who feared that the changes threatened Protestantism's supremacy. Under his banner, thousands assembled in a march that descended into chaos as people expressed their grievances through violence.

The riotous crowds, fueled by religious fervor and societal fears, primarily targeted areas in London known for their Catholic connections. Numerous buildings were torched, including Catholic chapels and other institutions associated with the Catholic Church. The disturbances prompted a military response as local authorities struggled to regain control. Troops were deployed to restore order, leading to further violence and escalating confrontations between citizens and government forces. The chaos lasted several days, significantly disrupting daily life in London, with law enforcement overwhelmed by the intensity of the uprisings.

As the dust settled, the death toll resulted in hundreds dead and countless injuries. The Gordon Riots illustrated the volatile nature of sectarian tensions in 18th-century Britain and left an indelible mark on the way religion and politics intertwined in the struggle for rights and recognition among differing faiths. The event revealed the animosities that could erupt in society over legislative changes and the persistent unrest simmering beneath the surface of religious and political discourse. The aftermath prompted discussions on the administration of law as well as societal views towards the Catholic population, leading to eventual changes in the perception and rights of Catholics in Britain.