The Fenian Brotherhood, founded by Irish nationalists in the United States, sought to free Ireland from British rule through military raids into Canada. In June 1866, under the leadership of figures like John O'Mahony and James L. McMahon, Fenians launched an offensive into Canada, aiming to capture territory as a bargaining chip for Irish independence. Over the course of a few days, they engaged Canadian troops at Ridgeway—a small village near the Niagara Peninsula—resulting in an unexpected victory for the Fenians. This confrontation, marked by a series of skirmishes, highlighted the disorganization of Canadian forces, as they were caught off guard by the Fenian incursion. The Fenians were able to capture some ground, asserting their presence and challenging British authority in North America. However, despite the victory, the Fenians lacked sufficient resources and support to sustain their campaign, leading to the raids being short-lived. The military actions came to a swift end as the Fenians opted for withdrawal under mounting pressure from Canadian reinforcements and challenges in supply lines.