The Belgrade Declaration emerged from a series of diplomatic efforts aimed at improving relations between the USSR and Yugoslavia, which had been soured since 1948 due to ideological differences and power struggles within the Communist movement. Following the Tito-Stalin split, Yugoslavia pursued a policy of non-alignment, distancing itself from the Soviet sphere of influence. The declaration was a culmination of discussions held between the two leaders, highlighting their mutual interests and a shared commitment to building a stable relationship moving forward.

On June 2, 1955, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev visited Belgrade to finalize the agreement with Josip Broz Tito. The formal signing of the Belgrade Declaration acted as a platform for both countries to address issues of economic cooperation, security, and political dialogue. The atmosphere was characterized by optimism, with both leaders keen to project an image of unity in the face of external pressures from the West.

Moreover, the declaration had significant implications for the broader geopolitical landscape of the Cold War. It illustrated a shift in Soviet foreign policy, where recognizing the autonomy of socialist states became more prevalent. The willingness to reestablish relations with Yugoslavia allowed for greater flexibility in the Communist bloc and hinted at a potential for diversified socialist paths distinct from the Soviet model.