The Self-Government Act of Greenland was a landmark agreement that took effect in 2009, marking a pivotal shift in the political landscape of the territory. Long regarded as an autonomous territory under Denmark, Greenland had been advocating for increased self-governance, stemming from a desire to manage its affairs without extensive oversight from the Danish parliament. The act was the result of years of negotiation and dialogue, rooted in an indigenous movement that sought greater control over local resources and decision-making processes.

The act conferred substantial powers to the Greenlandic government in various domains, including control over natural resources, education, health services, and local law enforcement, among others. This gave Greenland the authority to make decisions that affect the daily lives of its citizens directly. With the passing of this new law, Greenland's assembly experienced an unprecedented expansion of responsibilities, symbolizing a shift from colonial governance towards a self-determined political framework.

This new era in governance was celebrated by many in Greenland, especially among the indigenous population, who viewed it as recognition of their right to self-determination. The implementation of the self-rule governance framework encouraged public discussions regarding identity, culture, and future aspirations of the nation. As a result, local leaders, including Hans Enoksen, played an essential role in promoting this act and gathering support both domestically and internationally, presenting it as a historical step towards a progressively sovereign Greenland.

The agreement also included provisions that allowed Greenland to manage its resources, particularly important given its rich deposits of minerals and potential for oil exploration and fishing rights. Consequently, this transition presented both opportunities and challenges, as Greenland navigated the complexities of leveraging its resources for local benefit while maintaining environmental sustainability.