In the early 14th century, the region of Flanders was a pivotal area due to its economic richness and strategic importance, largely influenced by trade and the textile industry. The relationship between the Flemish and the French was tumultuous, with several uprisings against French rule leading to confrontations. The treaty signed at Athis-sur-Orge was the culmination of diplomatic efforts to remedy these tensions, primarily to address the grievances of the Flemish people regarding heavy taxation and loss of local autonomy. The agreement was vital as it not only recognized certain Flemish rights but also aimed to foster a more stable governance structure under French oversight.

The negotiations involved key figures from both sides, showcasing a willingness to compromise for the greater stability of the region. The treaty sought not just to lay down terms for peace but to establish a framework for ongoing dialogue. It was seen as an essential step in recognizing the importance of local governance within the broader context of French territorial claims. Athis-sur-Orge, chosen as the venue, symbolized a neutral ground, emphasizing the desire for reconciliation.

The signing was celebrated by many in Flanders, who saw it as a victory for their local representatives and a step toward self-governance. On the other hand, it also sparked debates within the French court about the implications of yielding power to local authorities, showing the complexities of feudal relations in the region. As a result, this treaty had a profound influence on the balance of power between the crown and local entities, setting a precedent for future negotiations.